While every newspaper and magazine in Bulgaria discusses
"Glasnost" and "Perestroika", all the people notice are longer queues at
the shops, less products, and a situation where there are no beans in
the market, potatoes have to be imported, and the non-availability of
essentials like milk, cheese, fruit and vegetables. With the foreseeable
decimation of the village farmers, Bulgaria will have to import food
materials whereas before the War she was an exporter. However, the
purpose of this article is not to focus on the economic "advance" of
Bulgaria. We will instead concern ourselves with two incidents of
"Glasnost" for which so much is spoken and written and how it
affects the Macedonian Bulgarians.
During 1988 in Sofia a small text was published by Ivan
Alexandrov [the complete English translation of this text is now available online at Knigi].
To allay the readers' suspicions that he is just not another
"Mihailovist" or "Fascist", we note that he is in fact an old and
prominent member of the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP). Being a
historian, and well versed in events which relate to Macedonia during
the last 100 years, he declared some truths, which naturally caused
significant agitation amongst those who for years have followed and
implemented the Belgrade policy on the Macedonian Question.
Mr Alexandrov appeals for an end to the national nihilism
which reigns in Bulgaria. He resolves the question of Vrhovism and
Centralism when he stresses that in the Vrhovist organization, 90% of
the members were Bulgarians from Macedonia. Also examined is the
so-called Left-Wing (Levitsata) in the Macedonian Liberation Movement
(MLM). The author reviews the circumstances of the wars led by
Bulgaria to free the enslaved Bulgarian people, and shows that
irrespective of the regimes in power they were not "imperialist" and
"expansionist" as some historians suggest, but "justified" wars for
the liberation of occupied Bulgarian ethnic lands.
He also emphasises that information about the Tikvesh and
Ohrid-Debur rebellions against the Serbian occupation in 1913 has only
recently begun to appear in Bulgarian historiography, but still very
little, while in todays Macedonian Republic no reference exists for
these events and many others. Alexandrov summarises the relevance of
these events
but these rebellions are primarily acts of IMRO, ie Bulgarian
rebellions. By their denial as such we follow the same path as
the foreign falsifiers of our history and directly support them
In another place Mr Alexandrov writes
it is not right that the activists of one revolutionary district
in Macedonia, like the Serres one, are given special
acknowledgement and priority, just because they were called the
"Levista" (Left-Wing), when in reality they only represent 5% of
the historic record of the Macedonian Liberation Movement.
With this practise we deny the Bulgarian national essence of the
Movement, and this is the Greater-Serbian thesis - Macedonism.
Therefore we are manipulated by the foreign falsifiers and
chauvinists. Their object is for us to deny our past and then
erase it completely
The author of the brochure describes the role of the Levista in the
MLM, and makes it clear that during the Huriet (Young Turk Revolt)
in 1908 it fully cooperated with the policy of Ottomanization, while
the remaining activists of IMRO, supported by the population which,
as Alexandrov writes, represents over 95%, stand firm for their
National Liberation positions. For the Levista, the Huriet more or less
ends their liberation cause and they no longer engage in activities for
the benefit of oppressed Bulgarians in Macedonia.
The author also states that after WWI it was Todor Alexandrov
who succeeded in organizing the people against the new policies of
denationalization in Macedonia, whereas many of the Levista became
collaborators with the oppressors. Mr Alexandrov also discusses
"Mihailovism", which is so bitterly attacked by the BCP. He notes
that Ivan Mihailov stands not only for an independent Macedonia, but
also the national position, and that after 1944 only the Mihailovists in
Bulgaria took a firm stand against the policy of converting the
Macedonian Bulgarians into ethnic "Macedonians". Here are some
excerpts from the text with respect to Ivan Mihailov and IMRO, the
leadership of which he assumed after the murder of Todor Alexandrov
the slogan of Mihailov is not union with Bulgaria but
Independent (sovereign) Macedonia. He published an entire
book called "Macedonia: Switzerland of the Balkans" on this
very question. However the continual references to
"Mihailovist bands of killers" is not only false but also
politically damaging. We know that the first arguments in the
MLM which started between the Vrhovists and Centralists
began from the beginning of this century. Furthermore the
fratricide and killings of the leading IMRO activists were
directly connected with Yane Sandansky. Even a part of these
"bands" (the militia of IMRO) engaged and defeated the Greek
Army which entered the Petrich district under the regime of
Pangalos in 1925
the time will come when our historic record will have to
explain and answer why in enslaved Macedonia between the two
World Wars, and in fact 87% of her, IMRO had great influence
amongst the masses and they opposed with all means at their
disposal the Serbanization, Hellenization and Macedonism. The
finest representatives of the people considered themselves as
Bulgarian patriots, protecting the national cause. At the same
time prominent members of the Levista in the Pirin region,
where there was not even national oppression, waged a war
against IMRO and sanctioned Macedonism!
Because of the publication of this text, some of the "Macedonists" in
Bulgaria complained vehemently and loudly, and organized protest
meetings in parts of Pirin Macedonia. They had sufficient influence to
not only stop the distribution of Alexandrov's text but to also have
found copies confiscated. We can assume there are many aspects of
Bulgarian life that the Macedonists don't enjoy at present, like the
shortage of food. But what is all this emotive "hysteria" really about?
That a historian from the BCP decided to tell some truths from his
own personal observations?
For many years in Bulgaria there has been a systematic
falsification, not only of the MLM, but the whole history of Bulgaria
in unison with the anti-Bulgarian policy of Belgrade; and these very
same "comrade Macedonists" not only failed to oppose this course but
in fact were an integral part of it. A policy of national self-desecration.
The frenzy of the "Macedonists" in Bulgaria also manifested
itself on another recent occasion. In honour of the 95th anniversary of
the MLM, a meeting was organized on 28th November 1988 in Sofia.
The hall at which the celebration was being held was completely full
with only standing room available. And a most curious thing occurs.
The table for the "presidium" members, at centre stage, is completely
empty! The people who should be chairing the meeting fail to arrive.
They have all declared themselves "sick" and unable to attend. There
is no doubt that these people are indeed unwell, but only with respect
to their mental state; the same applies to those who organized this
boycott. This type of SICKNESS has a special name - NATIONAL BETRAYAL!
At this meeting Dimitar Gotsev, assistant Professor of History,
introduced himself and delivered an excellent lecture. The celebrations
continued, including the participation of the choir "Gotse Delchev"
and when it sang the song dedicated to Todor Alexandrov "Neshto Ke
Te Pitam, Babo, Pravo Da Mi Kazhesh" the whole crowd erupted into
tumultuous applause.
The Macedonian Bulgarians notice these type of occurrences
throughout Bulgaria and come to the only conclusion possible:- that
within the BCP resides the "heart" of the national betrayers, who for
their own egotistic ambitions and obstinacy, will not relent in their
demented effort to destroy the Bulgarian spirit in Macedonia and so
benefit the Belgrade chauvinists. The Bulgarian historian Krumovsky is
correct when, in one of the final issues of the magazine "Vekove"
he claimed that due to the policy of the Bulgarian government after
WWII, the Macedonian question suddenly somehow became a Yugoslav
question. By some of our contemporary historians this is referred to as
a "MISTAKE", whereas even the blind can see that it is a "TREASONOUS
NATIONAL CRIME". Lenin at one time wrote, "one step backwards two
forwards", but on the national question the BCP follows another
guideline, "one step forwards, two backwards"?
That is why one day, the BCP and its creations will be
consigned to the metaphoric "sewer" by the Bulgarian people,
by the free Bulgarian historiography, and by the Macedonian
Bulgarians who will never forget that in their moments of heaviest
oppression and need, the BCP "stuck a knife deep into their backs."